 回复[1]: 看过类似的报道。 自带板凳 (2009-05-01 14:06) | 这问题太大了。
多数维族人对中国政府的所作所为，只能敢怒不敢言。
这也是民族反抗的原因之一。 |
| 回复[2]: 东京博士 (2009-05-01 14:28) | 一个日本同事，几年前一家去中国旅游前，还特意告诉我是去丝绸之路，还要看看火焰山（受孙悟空的传说影响），回日本时给大家发了点吐鲁番葡萄干（还好我没吃，因为我多年前亲眼见过南京东路20路电车站前一个新疆女人打翻了一大筐葡萄干，然后手忙脚乱地全都捧回箩筐内），我今天告诉了他这个消息，他在电话里没声音了。 
期待下面有人回帖跳出来说：“日本也不安全”  |
| 回复[3]: 这是日本专家的推算 科长 (2009-05-01 14:58) | | 完全没有考虑到伟大的中国人民的顽强抵抗力和战天斗地的革命意志等等等等精神因素 |
| 回复[4]: 这些数据怎么来的？？ 食蟹猴 (2009-05-01 15:07) | 就是国内的一般科学家也难以获得。军方肯定是严密隐瞒。
如果只是“推算”而没有确实证据就发表的话，
这篇东西只能算yy，不能算科学的研究报告。
|
| 回复[5]: 王者非王 (2009-05-01 15:23) | 数据来源不明。可靠否？
如果是真的，那是太悲惨了。不知事先对后果有无充分估计。
战争会使人疯狂。请看
http://news.wenxuecity.com/messages/200904/news-gb2312-843083.html
十大最骇人军用实验 训练士兵具动物超强能力(组图)
据国外媒体报道，超级士兵项目打造电影《X战警前传:金刚狼》中的超级英雄――金刚狼，具有与对手匹敌的剑齿和武器XI。如今，我们回顾一下美国政府对士兵进行的一些真正的魔鬼训练，这些训练大大提升了战争科学。美军没有复制金刚狼坚不可摧的骨骼和可以伸缩的爪子，而是让受害者来做放射性钚试验，让海员来测试神经毒气，甚至测试第六感。一些试验似乎很古怪，这是因为美军要利用前沿科技来探寻新的武器装备。以下是十大最骇人的军用实验：
10、让海员看红外线
美国海军要提升海员的夜视能力，好让他们能在世界第二次大战期间发现红外线信号灯。然而人眼通常察觉不到红外线波长。科学家知道维生素A中包含有人眼感光器中对特定光敏感的一些分子，想知道变种维生素A是否能提升眼睛对不同光的敏感度。于是，他们让志愿者服用由白眼梭鱼制成的补品，结果发现几个月之后，这些志愿者的视力开始变化，可以看红外线了。当其它研究人员开发出电子红外线夜望镜时，这一早期的成功就无用武之地了。在二战期间，其它国家也用维生素A做过实验，比如，日本让飞行员服用维生素A制剂，以提高对维生素A的吸收能力。在某些情况下，他们的夜视能力得到了百分之百的提高。
9、用放射性钚做人体实验

 在第二次世界大战快要结束时，美国为了争取建造世界第一颗原子弹，科学家想知道放射性钚的危险性有多大。于是，他们在1945年4月10日对美国田纳西州橡树岭一场汽车交通事故中的一名伤员注射了放射性钚，看人体本身多快能清除此放射性物质。科学家一开始便对400多人进行了放射性实验，研究不同放射性物质制剂所产生的生物效应，检测放射性实验疗法对癌症的治疗效果。此研究成果由美国能源部在1995年公开发表了。
8、乘火箭以测试火箭性能
在人类能发射飞船进入地球轨道和月球之前，一名男子最先搭乘火箭雪橇以测试火箭性能。美国宇航局的科学家开发了这种减压雪橇，在意外停车之前，此雪橇的速度能达到640公里每小时。对测试者束装来说，早期测试通常是致命的结果，会造成大脑严重受伤。从1954年开始，美国空军约翰斯泰普上校经历了疲劳测试。此测试是让他的身体承受35倍的重力。作为一名航空军医，他志愿冒险开了29次火箭雪橇，期间他发生了脑震荡、肋骨断裂、二次断裂的手腕、丢失了修补的牙齿和双眼血管全部爆裂。
7、充当和平主义者的试验鼠

大多数士兵没有签字去做死命的病毒和细菌的人体实验，但有2300多名年轻的基督复临安息日会教友被美军征召加入这一行动。冷战期间，当拒服兵役者解说《圣经》戒条你不会真正地死时，许多志愿者居然顶替他们充当实验鼠，用于测试抗生物武器的疫苗。志愿者回想自己经历过几天令人痛苦的日子，仍旧心有余悸，当时出现发烧、打寒颤和刻骨似的疼痛。在神秘的怀特考特实验期间，没有人死去。此实验于1954-1973年在马里兰的弗特-德里克进行的。
6、以近音速速度降落来测试降落伞
当美国空军想发现飞行员高空跳伞时如何能幸存下来，他们就让约瑟夫·凯庭格机长来做实验。在20世纪50年代，作为“细刨花（Excelsior）项目”的领头人物，凯庭格机长曾进行了几次高空跳伞实验。每一次乘坐高空“细刨花”气球上升到成千上万米的高空中，之后自由落体跳下，展开降落伞，降落在美国新墨西哥州的沙漠地上。凯庭格机长第三次跳伞于1960年8月16日进行，创下了近32公里长的创纪录飞行。之后，他以高达 982公里每小时的速度自由落体跳下，离1218公里每小时的音速差不多远，经受了零下70摄氏度的低温。
5、致幻药物实验备战化学战
如大麻、摇头丸和五氯酚这样的致幻药物不只是拥有街头黑市行情，研究人员也曾希望这类药物能成为化学武器，让敌军丧失作战能力。在 1955-1972年间，美军志愿者自愿携带锅、酸和粉未在马里兰州艾德伍德的一家工厂研制药物，虽然这些药物被证实太柔和，充当化学武器作用不大，但美军最终研制出了能引起幻觉的大炮，能将粉未的二苯羟乙酸-奎宁环酯散开。此药物能让测试者昏昏欲睡多天。美国国家科学院在1981年进行了一项实验，发现此测试药物没有后遗症。詹姆士·克特其姆博士将首批研究情况写在他2007年出版的《化学武器：几乎被遗忘的秘密》一书中。
4、向海员喷射神经毒气做试验
生化武器的威胁促使美国国防部在1963年到20世纪70年代初开始启动“112项目”，其中部分工作是对不同船只和数百名海员喷射如沙林和 VX毒剂等神经毒气，以测试净化规程和安全措施的效果。美国五角大楼在2002年透露了“船只危险与防御项目（SHAD）”的具体细节，于是，美国政府部门开始研究参与“船只危险与防御项目”的海员的健康状况。这只是美军进行的许多化学战中的一个，在二战期间还有许多志愿者过芥子气。
3、第六感测试
科学家对心灵学的信任度不大，但美国五角大楼在1972-1996年花了近二千万美元来测试第六感（ESP）能力，如远距离观察。遥远的观察者尽力展望他们从来没有看到过的地理位置，如外域的核设施和核燃料。这类测试在名为“格栅争论”和“星形门”之类的项目中进行，其五花八门的测试结果与情报部门获知的信息相抵触，最终导致美国政府放弃这一努力。美国中央情报局也于2002年销毁了这些文件信息。
2、打造7天24小时连续作战的勇士
睡觉是士兵最坏的敌人，整日打仗或执行绕地球飞行半圈的长久任务，都需要士兵连续作战。但不同兵种通过服用药丸或兴奋剂如安非他明，作战能力已经有了很大的提升。最近，美军已经测试和部署了兴奋剂莫达非尼的服用工作,能让士兵连续保持40小时清醒，且无毒副作用。美国国防部高级研究计划局 (DARPA)正在投入资金用于特别不同寻常的抗睡眠的研究中，如跨颅磁刺激，即用电磁力来刺激大脑。
1、 训练士兵只有动物超强能力
如果像美国国防部高级研究计划局的“内在盔甲”这样的项目能成功的话，也许超级士兵将会在不久的将来诞生。美国政府正在努力让士兵具备一些动物的超强能力，如斑头雁的高空状态表现很好，能在10200米多的高空撞毁喷气式飞机。科学家还看上了阿拉斯加的海狮，在深海潜水时，为了减少对氧的需求，它们能改变血流方向，让血液离开非重要器官。“内在盔甲”项目的目的就是让士兵能应战各种各样的状况，包括传染病、生化武器和放射性武器、极端温度和高度、艰苦的自然环境。
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| 回复[6]: 东京博士 (2009-05-01 17:58) | | 个人认为，危机管理问题，宁可信其有，不可信其无，尤其是作为信息不透明国家的百姓。反过来说，其他持粉饰太平或麻痹论者，比高田教授的言论更不具有丝毫论据。 |
| 回复[7]: 大汉临离 (2009-05-01 18:06) |
看了这个地图，居然没有人抗议？ |
| 回复[8]: 张三 (2009-05-01 20:53) | | 谁绍介一下这个高田学术上怎么样啊 |
| 回复[9]: 这事儿跟学术水平有关系吗？ 自带板凳 (2009-05-01 23:43) | | |
| 回复[10]: 张三 (2009-05-02 02:14) | | 这是通过计算机模型计算得出的结论，他的学术水平直接关系到这个模型的可靠程度，怎么没关系？ |
| 回复[11]: 这点上很同意猴子和张三的帖子 二子 (2009-05-02 07:47) | 没有数据来源，没有理论根据。这些SB结论基本上就是YY。而且是很低档次的YY。
张三说的理论模型就算了，至少你得把数据来源公布吧。既然中国政府是隐瞒的，既然中国对维吾尔族的医疗是放任的，那么这些有零有整的数据怎么得来的？
事实上比这个更简单的论证很容易。中国没有可记录可置信的数据，但是日本旅游者在本国的出入境记录都是有的。只要抽样调查就行了。调查结果公布一下，比现在这玩意儿可信的多。
就是广岛长崎的被害范围，到现在日本国内都在争论，打官司，那点屁大的地方，45万当量的（？）的小胖子的影响力都没搞清楚，他怎么得出中国这个”黑暗，封闭，消息封锁“的国家的核实验情况的？
太可笑了，把人都当傻子了。
阿局这些同学是比较容易上当。报纸上写的这些东西，看了就信。更何况他们心里还有个既定标准在那里。
这个报道和新浪网上的那些不着边际的科普报道一模一样，如出一辙。就是用来蒙蒙不会独立思考的同学们的。 |
| 回复[12]: 这类事儿你爱信不信。 自带板凳 (2009-05-02 09:25) | 三年间饿死3000万人。我信。而且这事儿没人证明。
你不信就不信。这没办法。
有些事情的判断，只要凭良知就够了，而不是凭知识。
曾经有人用很高深的学问来证明，三年大饥荒期间发生了铺天盖地的自然灾害，
所以他的结论是：没有人祸，都是自然灾害导致了饿死人。
这种学问有什么用呢?无非是把自己弄成傻子罢了。
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| 回复[13]: 张三 (2009-05-02 10:20) | 2000万——4000万人祸的数字，是Penny Kane、Jasper Becker、A.J.Coale、李成瑞、蒋正华、李南、金辉、曹树基…… 等多位中外专业学者，用不同文方法和论据，刊登在学术刊物、学术著作上的学术研究成果；这里还不算新华社高级记者杨继绳根据中共档案和多年采访资料写成的力作《墓碑》；
于此同时，从未听说有哪怕一个人，在学术刊物、学术著作上，用无论深浅的学问证明过，“没有人祸，都是自然灾害导致了饿死人”。 |
| 回复[14]: 那只是你没见过而已！ 自带板凳 (2009-05-02 10:21) | | |
| 回复[15]: 嗯可能确实只是因为我孤陋寡闻 张三 (2009-05-02 10:26) | | 没关系的，你指出来吧。注意可别把网文也算学术哦：） |
| 回复[16]: 东京博士 (2009-05-02 10:29) | 网文与学术究竟是什么关系？现在这样的信息时代，不会是把学术论文发布（或转摘）在网上就不成为学术论文了吧？
为了避抬杠之嫌，干脆说透点，网文不一定是学术论文，但学术论文可以成为网文。  |
| 回复[17]: 对不起 自带板凳 (2009-05-02 10:34) | 我无法用科学实验的方法来证明我曾经看到过那样一篇论文。
因为我没有存底，因此我也无法向你展示那篇论文。
因此，你可以不相信那一篇论文曾经出现过。 |
| 回复[18]: 黑白子 (2009-05-02 10:56) | | 板凳也够神经的了，快成祥林哥啦！ |
| 回复[19]: 东京博士 (2009-05-02 11:06) | | 黑白子，你这个说法，基本上接近二毛的手法了。二毛就是这么收“封口料”的。 |
| 回复[20]: 吴卫建 (2009-05-02 14:06) | 按7图龙爷在60年代就出国了。
〉另外，1964年至1996年间访问过丝绸之路的日本人大约有27万，距离上述核爆点很近，恐怕都踩过那附近的“核沙尘”，他指出必须对这些日本人的影响进行调查。
中国在新疆维吾尔自治区实施的核试验造成该自治区的新疆人19万人急速死亡以外，高田纯是札幌医科大核防护学教授，他还调查总结出了受急性放射线影响受害巨大的达到了129万人，甚至曾经游访过丝绸之路附近的日本游客27完人也受影响。
我有一知人在60，70年代曾在核基地工作（从事无线电通讯），此人说，该核基地方圆几百里为沙漠无人区，他坐车数小时，通过几道岗才进入试验基地。为此，我不知上述“距离上述核爆点很近”是如何一个距离数据，但从常识上分析，为了保密一般不会让外国人进入“距离上述核爆点很近”处。 |
| 回复[21]: 会長 (2009-05-02 14:54) | 因为发表在产经新闻，数字要打折扣，但也不能否认完全没有。60年代前出生的人。肯定看过一步中央新闻制片厂出品的讲中国核试验成功的纪录片，片名忘了。但里面的镜头显示，在战壕里的解放军士兵没有任何防护装置，在观看爆炸后的景象。士兵们还冲出掩体欢呼，最记得一个人还滑倒在地，这些人包括那些摄影师到现在肯定不死一身潺。连笼里的实验狗都戴着猪头面具。难道毛泽东思想武装起来的士兵核尘不犯身。当时年纪不大，还未有相应知识，凭感觉已有上述想法。
从纪录片上看到的，只能说当时对人的被爆保护并不重要。 |
| 回复[22]: 阿板，我真伤心 二子 (2009-05-02 14:29) | 》有些事情的判断，只要凭良知就够了，而不是凭知识。
还好意思说。
说你红卫兵都不冤枉你。
世界上大部分惨事都是你这种据说有“良心”的人带着这种据说特别“良心”的思考方式做出来的。
签名：
愿上帝宽恕他们，因为他们不知道自己在做什么 |
| 回复[23]: 算了，不跟你斗嘴了。 自带板凳 (2009-05-02 16:30) | 爱怎么说你就怎么说吧！
很抱歉让你伤心了。啊。 |
| 回复[24]: 所以说鲁迅先生伟大 张三 (2009-05-02 20:27) | | 伟大就伟大在，他不是任何政治势力的旗手；他从一开始就清醒认识到：问题根本不在政治，而在民族；而这个民族，是没有希望的民族。 |
| 回复[25]: 东京博士 (2009-05-02 19:56) | | 没想到张三也会抽人耳光的，还真抽到了点子上。 |
| 回复[26]: 张三最近说话颠三倒四，跟抽疯一样。 自带板凳 (2009-05-06 18:22) |  |
| 回复[27]: 又可 (2009-05-09 23:13) | 英国Times报也有相关报道,说参加核试验的老战士要求国家赔偿。
唯独国内党报没报道,是因为中国的核武器对人无害?
http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article6122338.ece
From The Sunday Times
April 19, 2009
Revolt stirs among China’s nuclear ghosts
Up to 190,000 may have died as a result of China’s weapons tests: now ailing survivors want compensation
Michael Sheridan
The nuclear test grounds in the wastes of the Gobi desert have fallen silent but veterans of those lonely places are speaking out for the first time about the terrible price exacted by China’s zealous pursuit of the atomic bomb.
They talk of picking up radioactive debris with their bare hands, of sluicing down bombers that had flown through mushroom clouds, of soldiers dying before their time of strange and rare diseases, and children born with mysterious cancers.
These were the men and women of Unit 8023, a special detachment charged with conducting atomic tests at Lop Nur in Xinjiang province, a place of utter desolation and – until now – complete secrecy.
“I was a member of Unit 8023 for 23 years,” said one old soldier in an interview. “My job was to go into the blast zone to retrieve test objects and monitoring equipment after the explosion.
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“When my daughter was born she was diagnosed with a huge tumour on her spinal cord. The doctors blame nuclear fallout. She’s had two major operations and has lived a life of indescribable hardship. And all we get from the government is 130 yuan [£13] a month.”
Hardship and risk counted for little when China was determined to join the nuclear club at any cost.
Soldiers galloped on horseback towards mushroom clouds, with only gas masks for protection.
Scientists jumped for joy, waving their little red books of Maoist thought, while atomic debris boiled in the sky.
Engineers even replicated a full-scale Beijing subway station beneath the sands of the Gobi to test who might survive a Sino-Soviet armageddon.
New research suggests the Chinese nuclear tests from 1964 to 1996 claimed more lives than those of any other nation. Professor Jun Takada, a Japanese physicist, has calculated that up to 1.48m people were exposed to fallout and 190,000 of them may have died from diseases linked to radiation.
“Nuclear sands” - a mixture of dust and fission products - were blown by prevailing winds from Lop Nur towards towns and villages along the ancient Silk Road from China to the West.
The victims included Chinese, Uighur Muslims and Tibetans, who lived in these remote regions. Takada found deformed children as far away as Kazakhstan. No independent scientific study has ever been published inside China.
It is the voices of the Chinese veterans, however, that will reso-nate loudest in a nation proud of its nuclear status but ill informed about the costs. One group has boldly published letters to the state council and the central military commission - the two highest government and military bodies - demanding compensation.
“Most of us are between 50 and 70 and in bad health,” they said. “We did the most hazardous job of all, retrieving debris from the missile tests.
“We were only 10 kilometres [six miles] from the blast. We entered the zone many times with no protective suits, only goggles and gas masks. Afterwards, we just washed ourselves down with plain water.”
A woman veteran of Unit 8023 described in an interview how her hair had fallen out. She had lost weight, suffered chronic insomnia and had episodes of confusion.
“Between 1993 and 1996 the government speeded up the test programme, so I assisted at 10 underground explosions,” she said. “We had to go into the test zone to check highly radioactive instruments. Now I’m too sick to work - will the government help me?”
The price was paid by more than one generation. “My father was in Unit 8023 from 1967 to 1979, when his job was to wash down aircraft that had flown through the mushroom clouds,” said a 37-year-old man.
“I’ve been disabled by chronic immune system diseases all my life and my brother’s daughter was born with a heart defect,” he said. “Our family has spent thousands of yuan on operations over the decades. Two and three generations of our family have such illnesses - was it the nuclear tests? Does our government plan any compensation?”
In fact, the government has already responded to pressure from veterans’ groups. Last year Li Xueju, the minister of civil affairs, let slip that the state had started to pay “subsidies” to nuclear test personnel but gave no details of the amounts.
Such is the legacy of the decision by Chairman Mao Tse-tung, in 1955, to build the bomb in order to make China a great power.
Mao was driven by fear of the US and rivalry with the Soviet Union. He coveted the might that would be bestowed by nuclear weapons on a poor agricultural nation. Celebrations greeted the first test explosion on October 16, 1964.
The scientists staged a total of 46 tests around the Lop Nur site, 1,500 miles west of Beijing. Of these tests, 23 were in the atmosphere, 22 underground and one failed. They included thermonuclear blasts, neutron bombs and an atomic bomb covertly tested for Pakistan on May 26, 1990.
One device, dropped from an aircraft on November 17, 1976, was 320 times more powerful than the bomb that destroyed Hiroshima.
The last explosion in the air was in 1980, but the last underground test was not until July 29, 1996. Later that year, China signed the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty and, once again, only the sigh of the winds could be heard in the desolation of the Gobi desert.
The financial cost remains secret, but the price of the first bomb was roughly equal to more than a third of the entire state budget for 1957 – spending that went on while at least 30m Chinese peasants died of famine and the nuclear scientists themselves lived on hardship rations.
Rare was the outsider who gained a glimpse of this huge project. One was Danny Stillman, director of technical intelligence at Los Alamos, New Mexico, home of America’s nuclear weapons. He made 10 visits to secret Chinese nuclear facilities during a period of detente and information exchange from 1990 to 2001.
“Some of the videos they showed me were of PLA [People’s Liberation Army] soldiers riding on horses - with gas masks over the noses and mouths of both the horses and the soldiers - as they were riding towards the mushroom cloud of an atmospheric surface detonation,” Stillman recalled.
“It was strange because the soldiers had swords raised above their heads as they headed for the radioactive fallout. I have always wondered how many of them survived.”
Stillman was also allowed to see the lengths to which the Chinese scientists had gone to experiment with annihilation in the desert.
Like the Americans, the Chinese placed caged live animals, tanks, planes, vehicles and buildings around test sites. Such were the remains gathered by the men and women of Unit 8302.
“The surprise to me was that they also had a full-scale Beijing subway station with all supporting utilities constructed at an undefined depth directly underneath,” said Stillman.
“There were 10,000 animals and a model of a Yangtze River bridge,” recalled Wu Qian, a scientist.
Li Yi, a woman doctor, added: “Animals placed two kilometres from the blast centre were burnt to cinders and those eight kilometres away died within a few days.”
China had borrowed Soviet blueprints and spied on the West, according to The Nuclear Express, a book by Stillman and Thomas Reed, the former US air force secretary.
It explains how China then exploited its human capital to win technological parity with the US for just 4% of the effort - 45 successful test explosions against more than 1,000 American tests.
“The Chinese nuclear weapon scientists I met . . . were exceptionally brilliant,” Stillman said.
Of China’s top 10 pioneers, two were educated at Edinburgh University - Cheng Kaijia, director of the weapons laboratory, and Peng Huan-wu, designer of the first thermonuclear bomb. Six went to college in the United States, one in France and one in Germany.
For all this array of genius, no Chinese scientist has dared to publish a study of the human toll.
That taboo has been broken by Takada, a physicist at the faculty of medicine at Sapporo University, who is an adviser on radiation hazards to the government of Japan.
He developed a computer simulation model, based on fieldwork at Soviet test sites in Kazakhstan, to calculate that 1.48m people were exposed to contamination during 32 years of Chinese tests.
Takada used internationally recognised radiation dosage measurements to estimate that 190,000 have died of cancer or leukaemia. He believes 35,000 foetuses were deformed or miscarried, with cases found as far away as Makanchi, near the Kazakh border with China.
To put his findings in perspective, Takada said China’s three biggest tests alone generated 4m times more radioactivity than the Chernobyl reactor accident of 1986. He has called the clouds of fallout “an air tsunami”.
Despite the pall of silence inside China, two remarkable proofs of the damage to health have come from official Communist party documents, dated 2007 and available on provincial websites.
One is a request to the health ministry from peasants’ and workers’ delegates in Xinjiang province for a special hospital to be built to cope with large numbers of patients who were “exposed to radiation or who wandered into the test zones by mistake”.
The other records a call by a party delegate named Xingfu for compensation and a study of “the severe situation of radiation sickness” in the county of Xiaobei, outside the oasis town of Dunhuang.
Both claims were rejected. Residents of Xiaobei report an alarming number of cancer deaths and children born with cleft palates, bone deformities and scoliosis, a curvature of the spine.
Specialists at hospitals in three cities along the Silk Road all reported a disproportionate number of cancer and leukaemia cases.
“I have read the Japanese professor’s work on the internet and I think it is credible,” said one. No cancer statistics for the region are made public.
Some memories, though, remain indelible. One man in Dunhuang recalled climbing up a mountain-side to watch a great pillar of dust swirl in from the desert.
“For days we were ordered to keep our windows closed and stay inside,” recounted another middle-aged man. “For months we couldn’t eat vegetables or fruits. Then after a while they didn’t bother with that any more.”
But they did go on testing. And the truth about the toll may never be known unless, one day, a future Chinese government allows pathologists to search for the answers in the cemeteries of the Silk Road.
The dead of Dunhuang lie in a waste ground on the fringe of the desert, at the foot of great dunes where tourists ride on camels. Tombs, cairns and unmarked heaps of earth dot the boundless sands.
By local tradition, the clothes of the deceased are thrown away at their funerals. Dresses, suits and children’s garments lie half-buried by dust around the graves.
“People don’t live long around here,” said a local man who led me to the graveyard. “Fifty, 60 - then they’re gone.”
Additional reporting: Shota Ushio in Tokyo and Imogen Morizet in Washington
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